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Evidence

Research on Ketamine Therapy

IV ketamine has been studied for treatment-resistant depression and several chronic-pain conditions. The strength of evidence, expected benefit, treatment protocols and durability of response vary by condition. The resources below are provided for educational purposes and do not mean that ketamine is appropriate for every patient.

Explore the Science:

Suggested Depression Sources

Murrough et al. — randomized controlled trial, treatment-resistant major depression.
64% response at 24 hours after ketamine vs. 28% after midazolam. (PubMed)

Phillips et al. — single, repeated and maintenance IV ketamine.
Repeated treatment produced cumulative effects; 59% met response criteria after repeated infusions. (PubMed)

Grunebaum et al. — suicidal ideation RCT.
Greater reduction in suicidal-ideation scores at 24 hours with ketamine than midazolam. (PubMed)

Suggested Chronic Pain Sources

Cohen et al. — ASRA/AAPM/ASA consensus guidelines.
Evidence varies substantially by condition and many studies are small or methodologically limited. (PubMed)

2026 CRPS systematic review/meta-analysis.
21 studies, 605 ketamine-treated patients; short-term reduction in pain was observed, with uncertainty around durability and prediction of individual response. (PubMed)

Regulatory Source

2026 FDA Ketalar Prescribing Information.
Useful for approved indication, mechanism, risks and monitoring. (FDA Access Data)